Friday, June 13, 2008

Can DAPP be in Kapiri Forever?


Last week, over one hundred community members gathered together late in the morning forming a semi-circle sitting on the grass on a sunny day outside the Makafu Basic School. They were awaiting a donor visit from Fredrick a young representative from Humana Holland and Renee, the Country Director for DAPP, a tall, good-humored former teacher in Denmark. This was the community’s chance to show off the activities they’ve been spear-heading since DAPP began working.

I arrived by truck with Gontley, the Child Aid Project Leader for Central Province, Matimba and various government officials. We took our seats on school benches in front of the community. Following introductions, the Coordinator for a Community Agricultural Committee (CAC) stood up to announce its activities highlighting the committee’s role implementing pass-on loans of chickens and goats, as well as distributing nutritional packages to be planted (consisting of cowpeas, maize seed, soy beans and groundnuts) for vulnerable farmers.

The Community Vet rose to address the crowd to discuss his training from DAPP and his responsibility for vaccinating livestock in 20 villages. Next, the Pre-school teacher from the Child Development Committee talked about the pre-school children receiving early education. She was followed by an Out of School Youth Club leader who reported on the activities that are keeping youth active, motivated and away from drug abuse. Finally, we were entertained with a dramatic sketch on DAPP’s role in promoting access to clean water and sanitation.

With all these changes the community was deriving I started to understand what community empowerment looks like. Complimenting the people’s efforts Renee stood up to address the people: “You have already made history in your communities!” With a wide smile on his face he added, “now the future is in your hands.”

Certainly the community must actively participate in the changes that improve their well-being, but to what extent? Earlier that day in a brief meeting with Mr. Mazumba, a representative for the District Commissioner for Kapiri Mposhi he was thoroughly appreciative of the changes he’s seeing in the district. I anticipated his appreciation in the presence of a donor, but what caught my attention is that he asked for DAPP to extend its work in Kapiri. He explained that “the government doesn’t have the capacity to provide these services to the people.” Mr. Mazamba’s comment instantly brought my mind back to a stakeholders’ meeting the previous week with the district counselor for Mukonchi. The counselor rose from her seat and she said with determination that “DAPP will be here forever! I promise that!”

Leaving his office, I couldn’t help but wonder if the changes DAPP was facilitating right now with the active participation of the community will be sustainable. From all the speeches from community members working together in various committees to educate each other I can see that structures are being set-up at the grass roots level with the potential to transform people’s lives, but will they continue to operate without DAPP’s presence with fieldworkers to help organize and motivate people? Or without DAPP providing any more material inputs into the project?

At the moment there are many participating villages in the Child Aid project, but not all the villages in Mukonchi and Mpunde districts are included. Extending the benefits to them eventually seems imperative, but what can the government do if it lacks the financial resources and administrative capacity? Since non-governmental organizations don’t intend to stay permanently, the government and the community must work together hand-in-hand for a brighter future. Identifying and building the community’s and the government’s capabilities and assets (including financial, particularly with the government), and then determining what their respective roles will be seems like the big challenge ahead.

5 comments:

Anonymous said...

Forgive me if this sounds a bit arrogant or presumptuous, I don't mean it to.

One of the things that annoys me about the different NGOs, environmental/child welfare groups, and all other groups (including EWB) that are involved in promoting development and reducing poverty, including organizations like the World Bank and the IMF, is that they don't seem to be working together (are they?).

As you asked, can DAPP stay in Kapiri forever? You said they don't intend to, and they shouldn't have to, because wouldn't that kind of defeat their purpose? And to think that this is only in one region of Zambia. What about all the other developing countries in the world? (And what about all the developed countries?! They seriously need to change a heck of a lot too!) I think that unless all these various countries, groups, and organizations start working together, using a kind of holistic approach to development that doesn't just focus on one or a number of villages and on only a handful of local aspects and causes of underdevelopment and poverty, but instead, on all (environmental, educational, governmental, social/cultural, financial, technological), there won't be any long-term sustainable change on a country-wide (and then world-wide) scale.

Of course, I don't think that the efforts of people who are out there working and helping others (unlike me, sitting here literally doing nothing at the moment) is not worth anything. I'm actually putting forth an idea from a discussion I saw on the BBC where they had gathered the heads of various organizations like the World Bank and the IMF together with a few NGOs and representatives from developing countries like India, Ghana, and China, as well as a few scholars. They all seemed to agree that the solution to extreme-poverty will largely be an economic one involving things like improved trade policies, forgiving of debt, and the keeping of promises of aid by the world's richest countries. Do you agree?

Anyway, that's my two cents... or more like twenty dollars, lol. Hope all's well. Take care.

Elizabeth said...

WOW, very thought provoking Vera, I don't know where to start. One thing I am wondering is though, how dependent are the projects on DAPP? Do the field workers stay a part of the community, or do they set up the basics and then back off, letting the community take control and just supplyingm material support?
Best of luck!

Vera Rocca said...

Hey Shahhan and Elizabeth,

Sometimes NGOs are working together with different actors in the internationanl arena. The World Bank does channel money through NGOs including DAPP. They're funding part of the Child Aid project.

Still, you're right that lack of coordination between NGOs, the government and donors is often a problem. In one horros story about coordination that Paul Collier mentions in his latest book "The Bottom Billion" (and by no means take this book as a development mantra)three NGOs were trying to work together to build a hospital. Each one of them wanted to impose their management structures on the project and they ended up seperately building a floor each of the hospital because coordination was so difficult!

When I asked Can DAPP stay in Kapiri Forever, I didn't mean in the literal sense (My apologies for the ambiguity. That was just my attempt at journalistic style playing off of the district counselor's comment:P). The question could have been, "Will that changes that DAPP is facilitating in Kapiri Mposhi remain at the end of the project?" (And as you can see that's mouthfull, but it encompasses the point). NGOs aren't trying to create depedency on them. They want to empower the people and work with the government if they have to in order to ensure the changes they are deriving are sustainble.

I agree that a hollistic approach to development is needed and the Child Aid Project does try to provide that. At the same time DAPP doesn't have the resources to do everything. DAPP would need a lot more funds to turn around rural education in Mukonchi. The government has to do that and right now they're doing a pretty crapy job.

The BCC programme that you watched seems really intresting. If you can access it, it may make a great Education Workshop for September. I've been trying to find one programme aired around September last year called "Poverty and Politics." It's similar to the one you're talking about.

I agree with these experts insofar as aid (which is a transfer of resources--often financial--from one country to another) will not solve poverty. Trade is a big deal. Agricultural subsides to farmers in the US and Europe would be the most glaring example in my mind of ways rich-country farmers who have opportunities benefit on the backs of those who don't.

Forgiving the debt can also be a huge help. A side note to this is that debt was often accumulated by highly corrupt governments who spent loans taken out by the IMF and private creditors on themselves. Loans given to poor countries by other countries can easily be forgiven, but what about he loans to private banks in the rich world? That's where the issue gets thorny. As well, who's to say governments will spend new funds freed up from paying debts on things that matter. I'm sure that some will. Tanzania is an example of a country that had its debt forgiven and was then able to invest heavily in education, but others may not do the same.

***

Elizabeth,

You raise a very good question. It's difficult to determine what the answer is as well. DAPP is trying to empower communities and set up structures by mobalizing community groups.

Under the line of the Child Aid project to improve family income, beneficaries are provided initial inputs in the form of a loan (pigs, resources for digging a fish pond or starting bee keeping) and then they are supposed to pass their loan on to more beneficaries. This process is highly community directed because Community Agricultural Committees formed from a number of villages identify beneficaries.

The DAPP office in Kapiri overseas this process. I have no doubt that beneficaries will be passing on their loans until the end of the project, but what happens after?

Will the beneficaries at the end of the fourth year (the targeted end date of the Child Aid project) be required to pass on their loan to more people? Will there even be more people in their Village Action Groups at that point who want to recieve the loan and can manage it? Will the Community Agricultural Committee members who have already benefited and who are volunteers be motivated to monitor that beneficiaries continue to pass-on their loans?

Maybe the government should play a role in ensuring the structures continue, or maybe the communty itself will be effective in monitoring the expansion of the pass-on loans, I don't know.

Good question though and I'm definitely going to be asking my co-workers for their opinions!

Vera

Anonymous said...

I'll look into getting a copy of the BBC programme.

Anonymous said...

Established in 1997, St. Gregorious Edu-Guidance is a leading education consultancy services providing exemplary service to students all over India. We deal in Admissions to all major professional courses in Premier Institutes across India. We are your one step solution for all career related needs, it may be MD, MBBS BE, BTech (ALL BRANCHES), , MDS, BDS, BPharm, BArch, MBA, MTech, MS, , PhD or any other courses. We provide personalized career solutions on an individual basis keeping in mind the aspirations of our client as well as the affordability factor.
FOR ALL CAREER RELATED NEEDS CONTACT US :
St. Gregorious Edu-Guidance,
#2, 2nd Floor,
J J Complex, Above Chemmannur Jewellers,
Marthahalli - P O,
Bangalore - 560037
Karnataka
e-mail :jojishpaily@gmail.com
Contact: +91 9448516637
+91 9886089896, +91 9449009983
080-32416570, 41719562